Other ways to teleport

The KoC Recall function

One of the most common uses of the Key of Citizenship KoC is to "Recall" to a nearby teleport. A teleport which has a Glowing Rosestone Seed in its fuel slot will show up as a "Recall" on the KoC interface if it is within 1000 blocks. The actual recall range is 750 blocks, but only the 6 closest recalls will show on the KoC:

Note: Caution is advised before recalling to an unknown destination as not all destinations are safe or can be exited easily, if at all. It is also not possible to use the recall function of the KoC within 30 blocks of an existing recall.

Jaunting

On successful completion of the Underearth Survival Challenge you get the ability to "Jaunt" to another player who is in possession of a KoC.

This is done by standing on a Diamond Teleport and utilising the "Jaunt" feature of the KoC. No teleport fuel is required, however the jaunt range is always somewhat less than the range of the teleport being used. There are certain other conditions which can affect the effective jaunt range.

Emergency Recall

In case you get stuck in a situation which doesn't seem to offer any way out, other than a death (maybe not even that...) you can use the /emergency_recall chat command.

Beware that using this will have an XP cost, and you will not be able to do it again for some time.

Teleport Arrows

In most cases the Teleport Arrow will teleport you to wherever it lands. It does need to be used with caution as it can lead to unexpected falls. Checking the landing spot using a fire arrow can sometimes be useful.

Flame Staff

The Flame Staff is a newly introduced tool which allows travel between any two Obsidian Gateways which have been linked to the Flame Staff — no matter where they are, how distant they are, or who owns them.

The link is programmed into the Flame Staff itself and its ownership is enforced. It is important to note that it is the Flame Staff which is linked to the Obsidian Gateways, not the Gateways to the Flame Staff or to each other. This has a few implications:

Each linked Obsidian Gateway keeps functioning as usual when struck with a Flint & Steel.
Only the staff's owner (the player who initiates the linking of the Flame Staff) can use it. Therefore anyone else trying to use your Flame Staff will not be able to do so.

The above makes a Flame Staff ideal for a couple scenarios:

Quickly travel great distances: in fact, this is the Flame Staffs' primary purpose, as the gateways can even be located in different realms.
Safely link to your super-secret base: Obsidian Gateways being inherently safer¹ than teleports, a Flame Staff will make it impossible for others to land in your Fort Knox.

Beware that a Flame Staff does not teleport you directly between the linked portals: rather, there is a mid-way stop in a specific realm, Midfeld. In other words, the journey between the linked Obsidian Gateways can be depicted as in the diagram below:

graph LR
    A[Obsidian Gateway A] --< Flame Staff >--> B
    B[Gateway in Midfeld] --< Flame Staff >--> C
    C[Obsidian Gateway B]

Also, note that once you start your journey, it is not possible to cancel it, in other words, there is no way to go back from Midfeld to the originating gateway: you have to complete the transport to the "B" gate, and from there you may return.

Finally, being a tool, the Flame Staff will wear with use and if left to break it will be lost. Flame Staffs can however be repaired before they break.

Programming a Flame Staff

A Flame Staff needs to be programmed (linked) before it can be used.

Start by identifying the two Obsidian Gateways you want to link: beware that they must be functional, so if you are building them for the purpose of linking your Flame Staff to them, be sure to initialize them first. You also don't need to own them, in other words, you can safely link to/from other's obsidian gateways as well.

Proceed as follows:

Stand inside the first Obsidian Gateway and strike it once with your Flame Staff.

The Flame Staff should spawn a puff of smoke, and its description become Flame Staff (Partially Linked). Be sure to not strike the portal twice, or the Flame Staff will become permanently useless.
Make your way to the second Obsidian Gateway, stand inside and strike it with the now "Partially Linked" Flame Staff.

The Flame Staff should again spawn a smoke puff, and its description become Flame Staff (Linked).

The Flame Staff is now ready to be used.

Using a Flame Staff

Before using a Flame Staff be sure to link it.

To use a Flame Staff, stand inside one of the two Obsidian Gateways it has been linked to, and strike the gateway with the Flame Staff. As usual with Obsidian Gateways, the portal must not be obstructed and you have to stand still while the transport is in progress, or it will fail.

You will be transported to Midfeld first: once there you will have to use ANY obsidian gateway to complete the journey to your final destination.

Beware that:

The landing in Midfeld may be harsh: sometimes, the game spawns you in mid-air positions that ensure a fall. It might be appropriate to eat a resistance-booster food before starting your journey.
There is usually, but not always, a public Obsidian Gateway together with a Recall Beacon in Midfeld, built and maintained by good samaritan players. If there is not, you will have to build and initialize one yourself: this means that it is good practice to always carry the resources² to do so or you may be spending time to gather the required resources, making your stay in Midfeld longer than expected! This can happen if Midfeld has recently reset.
You don't need to wait the usual cooldown time before using the obsidian gate in Midfeld to avoid portal sickness.
If you happen to die in Midfeld you will respawn in the Outback realm, NOT in your bed. Your bones with all your inventory items will remain in Midfeld but you will have the usual starter items in the outback. On leaving the outback the normal way you will be returned to Midfeld, not the Overworld.

Repairing a Flame Staff

It is possible to repair a worn Flame Staff by using Minetest's repairing craft method, which involves placing the worn tool (that is, the Flame Staff) in your craft grid together with a newly crafted one.

Care must be taken in the way you place them in the craft grid: the worn Flame Staff MUST be placed to the LEFT of the new staff or the link information stored in the staff will be lost.

Tip: about repairing...

It is worth mentioning here, that this little-known repairing method also works with any other item subjected to wear, and is of particular interest for tool leveling: in fact, it offers a viable way to start leveling up your tools even before you can afford an anvil.

In addition to that, you can also get a repair starting from two worn items: in this case, the remaining lifespans of the two items will "sum up" with a small bonus!

Unlike what can happen with Teleport Machines, Obsidian Gateways do not suffer transport errors. This means that it is impossible for an Obsidian Gateway to become the destination of a random transport error, avoiding the chance that a stranger ends up in your premises by accident. In addition to this, and again in contrast to Teleport Machines, Obsidian Gateways can not be connected to. ↩
Obsidian, gold blocks (or pre-made Oerkki Stones), and a Flame Bolt to initialize it. ↩